Effects of Feeding on Air Quality Measures
نویسنده
چکیده
Livestock production causes unavoidable losses to the environment, and the concerns related to aerial emissions from livestock production is ever increasing. Losses to the atmosphere occur during respiration and from fresh and stored feces and urine. These losses may be an environmental burden as contributors to global climate change (CO2, CH4), regional particulate or acid deposition concerns (NH3), and regional ozone concerns (volatile organic compounds, VOC). Diet modification serves as a primary pre-excretion strategy for reducing air emissions. Most strategies to reduce air emissions that have been employed to date adjust nutrient content to better match estimated nutrient needs of the animal through improved feed quality, reduction of excess nutrients offered, grouping of animals, and a change in feed ingredients. Data demonstrate that substantial reductions in air emissions can be realized; however, as the animal is fed closer to nutrient needs, the incremental gain that results from making dietary changes diminishes. Strategies that challenge efficiency of nutrient use, shift the site of digestion, and reduce endogenous losses relative to maintenance requirements need further development and exploration in order to continue to address the magnitude of challenges ahead. Because air emissions occur post-excretion, tools that estimate air emission losses based on diet inputs and animal characteristics and performance are poorly developed relative to tools that estimate nutrient excretions. Introduction
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تاریخ انتشار 2010